When you go to the supermarket, you might see demon masks and roasted soybeans displayed on the shelves. These items are for people preparing for the event called Setsubun, written as 節分 in Kanji. This article introduces the meaning of Setsubun and how you can enjoy the celebration. If you’re interested in experiencing this unique culture, check out our article on where to go for the setsubun events.
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The Significance of Setsubun
Setsubun is a traditional Japanese festival that represents the expulsion of “evil” to welcome a year of health and well-being. Originally from Chinese traditions, it has become an essential part of Japan’s ancient culture.
The term 節分 (Setsubun) translates to “seasonal division,” with “節” representing the season and “分” signifying the division. The festival marks the shift from winter to spring.
Historically, it referred to the day before each of the four seasons: Risshun (立春 – the beginning of spring), Rikka (立夏 – the beginning of summer), Risshū (立秋 – the beginning of autumn), and Ritto (立冬 – the beginning of winter). Over time, the day before “Risshun” (the beginning of spring) became more significant, and now Setsubun is commonly associated with the day before Risshun.
Which day is the Setsubun?
Setsubun doesn’t have a fixed date every year. While it often falls on February 3rd, it is always the day before Risshun, the beginning of spring. Therefore, if Risshun’s date changes, Setsubun’s date changes too. In 2024, Setsubun will be observed on February 3rd, which falls on a Saturday.
What to do on Setsubun?
Mame-Maki, “oni wa soto fuku wa uchi”
During Setsubun season, people believe that bad luck and illness can enter the home. They think that beans have the power to ward off evil spirits, so they practice “mamemaki” or bean throwing. Families scatter beans during mamemaki to symbolize the expulsion of evil and pray for their household’s safety and health. The way mamemaki is performed varies by region, but it’s usually done at night when demons are said to visit. People carry a container of roasted soybeans and open doors, windows, and entrances while saying “Oni wa soto” (Out with demons) to cast out demons. Then, they close the doors and throw beans into the house, chanting “Fuku wa uchi” (In with good fortune) to invite happiness into the home. In households with young children, family members may take turns playing the demon by wearing a demon mask and scattering beans toward the designated demon.
Ehomaki
People often enjoy a special type of sushi roll during Setsubun called Eho-maki. Eho-maki is inspired by the Seven Lucky Gods and contains seven auspicious ingredients. For example, shrimp symbolizes longevity. The name “Eho-maki” translates to “lucky direction roll.”
Traditionally, people eat Eho-maki facing a specific lucky direction while consuming the entire roll without cutting it. This practice is believed to bring good fortune and positive connections. To ensure luck stays, it’s customary to eat the roll in silence while making wishes in your heart.
Additionally, people believe that the direction in which you eat the Eho-maki affects its auspiciousness, and this direction changes each year. For 2024, the recommended direction is east-northeast.
So, when enjoying an Eho-maki this year, remember to eat it whole, silently make your wishes, and face the fortunate direction of east-northeast.
